The Harlem Renaissance (also called the New Negro Movement) was a social, cultural, and artistic movement of African-American writers and painters between about 1920 and 1930.
The Harlem Renaissance was the first flowering of African-American art that went beyond individual works. Similar to the jazz era, the movement was triggered by the mass exodus of African-Americans from the southern states to the north (Great Migration). In New York's Harlem district, the African-American Philip Payton had taken over the real estate market from 1904 to a large extent. Since that time - and especially in the 1920s - Harlem had become synonymous with African American culture as the black middle class lived there.
The anthology The New Negro (1925), edited by Alain LeRoy Locke, had a major impact on the movement, in which the philosopher and critic collected prose, poetry, plays, and essays from a new generation of African-American authors. In his preface, Locke described the migration from the southern states to the north as "a kind of spiritual liberation" through which Afro-American art was able to develop its own identity for the first time - beyond the white role models. In the art of the Harlem renaissance also African traditions, African-American traditions as well as gospel and jazz play a big role. White writers, especially the journalist and photographer Carl van Vechten, also supported the movement - and were influenced by it. The patron Charlotte Mason employed and promoted a number of artists, but also had her own understanding of Native American and African American culture.
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The Rowlatt act was introduced to suppress any kind of political activities and detainment of people for up to two years over the suspicion of terrorist activities. The British Government decided to launch this act on Indians to suppress the feeling of nationalism. On 10th April, British Army openly fired on a peaceful procession of people.
- It provoked massive attacks on various buildings and institutions of the British Government. Then Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against this act.
- All these events resulted in the imposition of Martial Law.
- On 13th April, an incident of Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place. People unaware of the imposition of the law, assembled in the Jallianwa Bagh.
- The General Dyer openly fired people and left no one. Therefore there were a number of reasons for the outrage against the Rowlatt act. First, it was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council even after opposition from Indians.
- Second, it gave immeasurable power to the British Government to suppress any kind of political activity. Third, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
They promoted Africans to identify as African, not as any "clan" or "faction" so that all the different African group's could get along withing the confines of there nations, that where drawn by Europeans to look nice and don't have any historic regard to cultures or ethnic groups.
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Public action committees are primarily concerned with donating money to candidates and political parties who support a certain cause or belief.
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