Question

3. How can we use what we know about cell membranes to treat disease?

Answer 1

The cell membrane slows the movement of water into or out of the cell and this is vital when treating diseases.

What is a cell membrane?

The cell membrane provides protection for a cell and also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. It transports nutrients into the cell and transports toxic substances out of the cell.

The cell membrane is simply one of the major barriers that pathogens need to conquer e.g. a virus first needs to attach itself to the cell membrane and injects its genetic material into the host cell before replication.

Estrogens passively diffuse across the plasma membrane and then bind to their receptor proteins in the cytoplasm of the target cells.

When estrogen enters the nucleus, it binds to the estrogen receptor, causing it to pair up and form a dimer. Then this dimer then binds to several dozen specific sites in the DNA, strategically placed next to the genes that need to be activated.

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