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2 years ago

1. transcription

Biology

1 answer:

ioda2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

To summarize what we know to this point, the cellular process of transcription generates messenger RNA (mRNA), a mobile molecular copy of one or more genes with an alphabet of A, C, G, and uracil (U). Translation of the mRNA template converts nucleotide-based genetic information into a protein product. Protein sequences consist of 20 commonly occurring amino acids; therefore, it can be said that the protein alphabet consists of 20 letters. Each amino acid is defined by a three-nucleotide sequence called the triplet codon

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Sorry if I am not right :(
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2 years ago

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of the Dust Bowl?

vagabundo [1.1K]

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Answer:

3. Size could

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Explanation:

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2 years ago

Number of different amino acids that make up all proteins

klemol [59]

Answer:

List of the 20 Amino Acids

Amino Acid 3-Letter Abbreviation 1-Letter Abbreviation Class of Amino Acid (Side Chain) Hydrophobicity Index (100 being extremely hydrophobic, 0 being neutral, and -55 being hydrophilic) Structure pKa of COOH group pKa of NH3+ group pKa of R group Molecular Weight [g/mol] alpha helix beta sheet Reverse turn

Glycine Gly G Aliphatic, nonpolar Neutral (0 at pH = 2; 0 at pH = 7)

2.4 9.8 -- 75.07 0.43 0.58 1.77

Alanine Ala A Aliphatic, nonpolar Hydrophobic (47 at pH = 2; 41 at pH = 7)

2.4 9.9 -- 89.1 1.41 0.72 0.82

Valine Val V Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (79 at pH = 2; 76 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.7 -- 117.15 0.90 1.87 0.41

Leucine Leu L Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (100 at pH = 2; 97 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.7 -- 131.18 1.34 1.22 0.57

Isoleucine Ile I Aliphatic, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (100 at pH = 2; 99 at pH = 7)

2.3 9.8 -- 131.18 1.09 1.67 0.47

Methionine Met M Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, nonpolar Very Hydrophobic (74 at pH = 2; 74 at pH = 7)

2.1 9.3 -- 149.21 1.30 1.14 0.52

Serine Ser S Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Neutral (-7 at pH = 2; -5 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.2 -- 105.09 0.57 0.96 1.22

Cysteine Cys C Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Hydrophobic (52 at pH = 2; 49 at pH = 7)

1.9 10.7 8.4 121.16 0.66 2.40 0.54

Threonine Thr T Hydroxyl or Sulfur-Containing, polar Neutral (13 at pH = 2; 13 at pH = 7)

2.1 9.1 -- 119.12 0.76 1.17 0.96

Proline Pro P Cyclic Hydrophilic (-46 at pH = 2; -46 at pH = 7)

2.0 9.6 -- 115.13 0.34 0.31 1.32

Phenylalanine Phe F Aromatic Very Hydrophobic (92 at pH = 2; 100 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.3 -- 165.19 1.16 1.33 0.59

Tyrosine Tyr Y Aromatic Hydrophobic (49 at pH = 2; 63 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.2 10.5 181.19 0.74 1.45 0.76

Tryptophan Trp W Aromatic Very Hydrophobic (84 at pH = 2; 97 at pH = 7)

2.5 9.4 -- 204.25 1.02 1.35 0.65

Histidine His H Basic Hydrophilic at pH=2 (-42), Neutral at pH=7 (8)

1.8 9.3 6.0 155.16 1.05 0.80 0.81

Lysine Lys K Basic Hydrophilic (-37 at pH = 2; -23 at pH = 7)

2.2 9.1 10.5 146.188 1.23 0.69 1.07

Arginine Arg R Basic Hydrophilic (-26 at pH = 2; -14 at pH = 7)

1.8 9.0 12.5 174.2 1.21 0.84 0.90

Aspartate Asp D Acidic Neutral at pH=2 (-18), Hydrophilic at pH=7 (-55)

2.0 9.9 3.9 133.10 0.99 0.39 1.24

Glutamate Glu E Acidic Neutral at ph=2 (8), Hydrophilic at pH=7 (-31)

2.1 9.5 4.1 147.13 1.59 0.52 1.01

Asparagine Asn N Acidic, polar Hydrophilic (-41 at pH = 2; -28 at pH = 7)

2.1 8.7 -- 132.118 0.76 0.48 1.34

Glutamine Gln

8 0

3 years ago

One of the grand challenges in biology is understanding how the first cells formed on Earth. Since all cells are bound by a cell

coldgirl [10]

<h2>Answer is option "A"</h2>

Explanation:

Oils and fats, which in science are called lipids, are known as amphipathic molecules. These molecules have two distinct ends to them: a water-loving (hydrophilic) side and a water-fearing (hydrophobic) side. While the hydrophilic sides of a lipid will associate with the water in a solution, the hydrophobic sides of the lipid all cluster together to 'hide' from the water. Lipids therefore cluster together and form spheres where the hydrophobic sides are in the center away from the water while the hydrophilic sides are on the outside, associating with the water.
The ability of the atoms within a group to form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules around them makes them hydrophilic. Oxygen and nitrogen atoms readily form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, so any organic molecules that have oxygen or nitrogen atoms bound to their carbon skeletons will be hydrophilic.
For example, if we take the molecule for cholesterol, we see the OH group on the left is hydrophilic and will form hydrogen bonds with water, while the ring structures, which only consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms, are hydrophobic and will not associate with the water.
There are many different kinds of lipids with different functions. Lets start by examining phospholipids, which compose the cell membranes of animals. They form lipid bilayers, with one set of hydrophilic heads facing the exterior of the cell membrane and the other set facing the interior (as you can see on the diagram on screen). The hydrophobic portions of the lipid bilayer - the lipid tails - face towards one another, which allows them to hide away from the water inside and outside of the cell.
So,the right answer is option A "amphipathic molecules".

5 0

3 years ago