The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Answer:
d. Symbols generally have either an exclusively positive or negative meaning.
Explanation:
The term symbol, originating in the Greek symbolon, designates a type of sign in which the signifier (concrete reality) represents something abstract (religions, nations, amounts of time or matter, etc.) by virtue of convention, similarity or semantic contiguity (as in the case of the cross that represents Christianity, because it is a part of the whole that is the image of the dead Christ). Charles Sanders Pierce has developed a general classification of signs. As a sign, "symbol" is always something that represents something else (to someone).
The "symbol" is an essential element in the communication process, being widespread in everyday life and in the most varied aspects of human knowledge. Although there are symbols that are internationally recognized, others are only understood within a particular group or context (religious, cultural, etc.), it can also be an object that replaces, represents, or suggests something.
Congress could then use a threat in jail for withholding evidence *but take it from someone else I'm not sure*
Answer:
A protection racket is a scheme where a potentially hazardous group guarantees protection from violence, looting, raiding, piracy, and other such threats posed by them outside the sanction of the law, to polities, businesses, individuals, or other entities and groups that pay to them in cash or kind. In other words, it is a racket that sells security, traditionally physical security. Through the credible threat of violence, the racketeers deter people from swindling, robbing, injuring, sabotaging or otherwise harming their clients. Protection rackets tend to appear in markets in which the police and judiciary cannot be counted on to provide legal protection, because of incompetence (as in weak or failed states) or illegality (black markets). Protection rackets are indistinguishable in practice from extortion rackets and distinguishable from private security by some degree of implied threat that the racketeers themselves may attack the business if it fails to pay for their protection. A distinction is possible between a "pure" extortion racket in which the racketeers might agree only not to attack a business and a broader protection racket offering some real private security in addition to such extortion. The criminals might agree to defend a business from any attack by either themselves or third parties (other criminal gangs). However, in reality, that distinction is doubtful, because extortion racketeers may have to defend their clients against rival gangs to maintain their profits. By corollary, criminal gangs may have to maintain control of territories (turfs), as local businesses may collapse if forced to pay for protection from too many rackets, which then hurts all parties involved. Certain scholars, such as Diego Gambetta, classify criminal organizations engaged in protection racketeering as "mafia", as the racket is popular with both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia.
Explanation:
A protection racket is an operation where criminals provide protection to persons and properties, settle disputes and enforce contracts in markets where the police and judicial system cannot be relied upon. Protection racketeers or mafia groups operate mostly in the black market, providing buyers and sellers the security they need for smooth transactions; but empirical data collected by Gambetta and Varese suggests that mafia groups are able to offer private protection to corporations and individuals in legal markets when the state fails to offer sufficient and efficient protection to the people in need. Two elements distinguish racketeers from legal security firms. The first element is their willingness to deploy violent forms of retribution (going as far as murder) that fall outside the limits the law normally extends to civilian security firms. The other element is that racketeers are willing to involve themselves in illegal markets
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although the question is incomplete because you did not attach references to the lesson, we can say the following.
One Mesopotamian contribution that I think had the biggest impact on human history was the development of agriculture techniques and the knowledge to know about the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, so Sumerians could use it for growing crops and to avoid some catastrophes.
The Sumerians were the oldest civilization on planet Earth. They settled in the middle of the above-mentioned Rivers in the Middle East region, modern-day Iraq. They developed great knowledge to built impressive buildings called Ziggurats and formed important city-states such as Uruk, Kish, Ur, and Lagash. Agriculture techniques were a big reason they could settle in these regions.
