True. A contention is a heated argument.
Ottoman Empire.
Explanation:
The only Islamic empire that controlled territory in Europe in the early modern era was the Ottoman Empire. This empire started to develop and expand in the 15th century. The Ottomans managed to use the decline of the surrounding empires so they managed to conquer them with relative ease, thus creating a very large empire on excellent strategic location.
Part of the Ottoman Empire was located in Europe, or more specifically it controlled the Balkan Peninsula. The aspirations of the empire initially were to expand into Central Europe and possibly Western Europe, but the forces of these regions allied and didn't allowed the Ottomans to expand beyond the Balkans. The empire existed until the early 20th century, when it lost most of its territory and was reformed to create the modern day country of Turkey.
James 2 of England and Ireland
Establishing the Constitution required the ascent of states which would make it a Federal Act.
Federalism involves:
- A single nation having two types of governments with one being regional, and the other being general
- Regional governments being consulted when constitutions need to be amended
When the U.S. Constitution needed to be established and amended, it required the consent of the various states in the United States. This makes it a federal action because it involved the various states.
In conclusion, the establishment of the U.S. Consitution was a federal act because it involved the input and consent of the regional state governments.
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