Because women at that time could not vote, which was also a disadvantage black people had. They could not vote either because they were black.
From the first point of view, standardization has ruined education because it has distort the student growth based on how much emphasis it has placed on test rather than pure learning and understanding in schools. The syllabus the teachers were to cover on certain subjects have been neglected which may affect American's children in the nearest future. It must also be known that scandalized test has destroyed creativity and reasonable thinking.
On the second answer, the test time that are taking inform of prep after schools will result into longer period of time students will be spending in schooling with extra cost paid.
Thirdly, the writer description about ingenuity simply means that student ability to be creative will reduced based on the fact that standardize test only support a direct way or single answer with no deep thinking of other possible answers.
The prepositional phrase is "in" since it describes where the prairie dogs live which is "in New Mexico".
