#2- Trade emerged as a main source of income.
This is an opinion question, but I believe that it is possible to seize political control over a country without oppressing the country's people. However, history has shown otherwise (Nazi Germany, British Empire) but we can use past mistakes to improve our future world.
It would be an "archaeologist" who is most likely to determine where an ancient temple was built, since a big part of this profession is digging in order to discover artifacts.
I believe the answer is,
The life expectancy of the average worker.
Let me know if this helped! :)