La manipulación genética representa todas aquellas técnicas que permiten modificar de forma directa los genes en el interior de las células de los organismos vivos. Estas modificaciones pueden ser a través de la inserción, la eliminación o la alteración de uno o más genes específicos. Todas las instrucciones que hacen que un organismo sea lo que es están codificadas en los genes, es decir que estos fragmentos de ADN son los que le indican a cada parte de las células y a cada célula en el cuerpo de un organismo multicelular o unicelular, qué debe hacer, cuándo y cómo. La manipulación genética es uno de los procesos científicos biotecnológicos más empleados hoy en día, ya que incluye todas las herramientas necesarias para modificar las características físicas de prácticamente cualquier ser vivo o, mejor dicho, de todo lo que tenga información genética en su interior (ADN o ARN).
Hoy en día la manipulación genética es uno de los temas más discutidos por la sociedad científica, pues existen herramientas biotecnológicas capaces de manipular de manera fácil y efectiva casi cualquier gen que se desee en un organismo Entre los organismos que se pueden “manipular genéticamente” se incluye al ser humano, y es allí donde surgen la mayoría de los debates, ya que a pesar de que la manipulación genética puede ayudar a curar un gran número de enfermedades hereditarias, también puede utilizarse para crear armas biológicas sumamente peligrosas.
Answer:
On his visit to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin discovered several species of finches that varied from island to island, which helped him to develop his theory of natural selection.
Darwin's finches are a classical example of an adaptive radiation. Their common ancestor arrived on the Galapagos about two million years ago. During the time that has passed the Darwin's finches have evolved into 15 recognized species differing in body size, beak shape, song and feeding behaviour.
Answer:
Blue light
Adding 10-20% blue light allowed plants to grow much healthier, with a compact appearance. There is also far-red light which is has wavelengths that are lower than normal red light–similar to near-infrared wavelengths. Far-red light helps the plants produce greater yields.
<span>Depletion of the ozone layer. Choloroflourocarbon (CFCS) are dangerous because of their destructive reaction with Ozone particles, which provide the Earth with a protective layer or shield against UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer begins when when CFC gets into the stratosphere. Sunlight breaks up cfcs releasing Chlorine Atom. Chlorine atoms in turn react with Ozone, starting a chemical cycle that destroys the ozone layer in that area. Once the ozone layer is depleted, there's nothing holding back the harmful UVB wavelengths of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere causing havoc on plants and animals.</span>
There are choices for this question namely:
a) Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic.
b) Decadron is an antibiotic.
c) Bactrim is a bronchodilator.
d) Albuterol is a bronchodilator.
<span>e) Prednisone is a corticosteroid.
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The correct answers are "ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic", "albuterol is a bronchodilator", and "prednisone is a corticosteroid". Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic in the class of fluoroquinolones, effective against respiratory infections since patients with COPD has mucus hypersecretion which predisposes the patient to respiratory infections. Other antibiotics include respiratory fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, cephalosporins such as cefuroxime and ceftriaxone, and beta-lactams such as co-amoxiclav. Albuterol is a short acting beta-agonist (SABA) which actions as a bronchodilator by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. Other popular SABA is salbutamol. Prednisone is a corticosteroid which actions to prevent inflammation by blocking the arachidonic acid pathway and therefore block the formation of inflammatory mediators.
Decadron is dexamethasone which is a steroid. Bactrim is TMP/SMX which is an antibiotic.
