Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches.
Some countries don't separate power, but the Government in the United States of America does. The USA separates its government into three branches, the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches. The Legislative Branch consists of the Senate and Congress, the Judicial branch consists of the President and his cabinet, and the Judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court. There are different checks on each branch, called checks and balances. For example, the President has the right to VETO laws, but congress, if they think the VETO is unfair, can overrule it with a 2/3 majority.
