Question

2. Consider the circle x² + y2 = 1, given in figure. Let OP makes an angle 30° with the x axis.

Answer 1

The equation of the tangent line to the circle passing through the point P is; y = (1/√3)x ± 2/√3

How to find the equation of the tangent?

I) We are given the equation of the circle as;

x² + y² = 1

Since angle of inclination is 30°, then slope is;

m = tan 30 = 1/√3

Then equation of the tangent will be;

y = (1/√3)x + c

Put  (√3)x + c into the given circle equation to get;

x² + ((1/√3)x + c)² = 1

x² + ¹/₃x² +  (2/√3)cx + c² = 1

⁴/₃x² +  (2/√3)x + (c² - 1) = 0

Since we need to find value of c for equation to become tangent, then the above quadratic equation must have real and equal roots.

Thus;

((2/√3)c)² - 4(⁴/₃)(c² - 1) = 0

⁴/₃c² - ¹⁶/₃(c² - 1) = 0

⁴/₃c² - ¹⁶/₃c² + ¹⁶/₃ = 0

4c² = ¹⁶/₃

c² = ⁴/₃

c = √⁴/₃

c = ±²/√3

Thus, equation of tangent is;

y = (1/√3)x ± 2/√3

II) Radius from the given equation is 1. Thus, we will use trigonometric ratio to find the x and y intercept;

x-intercept is at y = 0;

0 = (1/√3)x ± 2/√3

-(1/√3)x = ±2/√3

Intercept is positive. Thus;

x = (2/√3)/(1/√3)

x = 1

y - intercept is positive at x = 0;

y = (1/√3)0 ± 2/√3

y = 2/√3

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