Executive Order No. 8802 was the result of the rampant discrimination of African-Americans and other minorities residing America at that time. It was the action of the federal government with regards to the issue by promoting equality in employment among the different defense agencies of the government.
The triangular trading system was not only used to sell/buy slaves, many countries benefitted from other resources that were scarce in their lands. The thirteen colonies would trade fish, whale oil, lumber, tobacco, rum, iron products, flour and meat products and England and Europe would trade teas, spices, furniture, cloth, tools, iron products, etc. New England specifically would trade with the Caribbean for sugar (or molasses) and New England would distill it into rum. The profits from the sale of the sugar would be shipped to West Africa where the majority of slaves came from, and the slaves were sent to the Caribbean to work on sugar plantations.
Because nearby governments asked for help so they sent troops. Technically regan actually asked for it though.
For Germany the Treaty of Versailles meant harsh "reparations", a diminished land holding, and war guilt, since almost every nation blamed Germany for the outbreak of war. These reparations, however, proved to do more harm than good, since they humiliated Germany and made Germans far more aggressive in re-building their military and beginning World War II.