Strict constructionism/interpretation refers to the practice of applying a narrow, or 'strict', interpretation of the U.S. Constitution or other legal texts. Key examples and cases that serve to illustrate strict constructionism include Thomas Jefferson's opposition to Alexander Hamilton's idea of a national bank, the Scott v.
It would be that "d. Muhammad was engaged in long-distance trade where he came into contact with monotheists" that likely would have influenced his acceptance of monotheism, since this allowed for him to gain new and challenging points of view.
The answer is (C) The Church strengthened and expanded the Inquisition. (A) The pope called the Council of Trent to clarify the Church's teachings and address abuses.