Nicked circle is the reason.
Explanation:
During recombinant DNA technology the gene of interest is ligated to plasmid DNA by excision with molecular scissors or endonuclease enzyme and ligated with enzyme ligase.
Enzyme ligase catalysed by ATP seals the nicks by making phosphodiester bonds in the ds or ss DNA and release of ADP.
The ligation in the plasmid did not occur properly hence the replication is interrupted hence no new plasmids with gene of interest replicated in the ligation carried out.
Answer: No
Explanation: Usually a mother and baby's blood do not mix while the baby is in the womb. The mother's blood runs alongside the placenta, and the nutrients needed by the baby are absorbed and transferred to him/her.
A. RNA
Transcription is the process of copying a code of DNA to a RNA strand.
Answer : Using Opthalmic Sponges.
Explanation : Collecting tears with the trivial methods is often not possible as to avoid the tear reflex is a different problem. Tear collection with glass capillaries are the most widely used method for taking samples and is considered to be the best method for avoiding tear reflex.
To collect tears are from elderly people or small children's who had difficulties with glass capillaries; for them ophthalmic sponges was used.
This kind of opthalmic sponges proved to be well tolerated by the patient, especially in small children's, and also enabled standardization of the tear collection in terms of volume.
