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Constantinople
Saying "church power was provided" is a mild way to describe it. The power struggle in the church led to mutual declarations of excommunication between the pope and the patriarch and resulted in what is known as "The Great Schism" -- a monumental split between the western church (the Roman Catholic Church) and what has become known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. "Catholic" means universal -- the Roman pope was intent on asserting his leadership over all of Christendom. "Orthodox" means "right teaching." The Eastern patriarch and church were asserting their teachings to be right over against positions held in the West. There were a number of doctrinal issues debated hotly between East and West over the centuries leading up to the schism. But more than anything, the split came down to "church power" -- who held control over the church.
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Colonists suffered greatly and called the winter the "Starving Time."
Imperialism is a political and military philosophy in which one country or government seeks to conquer other countries and societies and bring them under the control or influence of the invading country.
Imperialism is often associated with the economic theory of mercantilism, in which the conquering country (known as the metropole) becomes the center of manufacturing and production while the conquered countries (the colonies) become the suppliers of raw natural goods. Under a mercantilist system, the point of having colonies is to enrich the metropole.
Imperialism takes a number of forms. There's settler colonialism, where a metropole established colonies to gather raw goods or resources (New York and Jamestown are examples). There's religious imperialism, in which a country invades other countries for the purposes of spreading a religion (Spain was infamous for this) or establishes religious communities abroad (as in Massachusetts Bay).
Imperialism has also existed for ages and ages. The Romans are one famous example, but virtually every country in Western Europe (France, Britain, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, etc) had an empire at one point. But so did the Japanese, the Russians, the Zulus, and the Comanches.