This passage is about the speech of President Jackson in Congress, where he defended the process of remorse of the Indians.
The use of the word "progessive" refers to the continuation of a process begun earlier, where the Indians were massacred and expelled from their territories to the detriment of the white man's civilization. The former president used that term as a way to slow down an attitude that today would be understood as barbarism, but one that is part of US history.
The Great Depression happened socially
Yes it is true that an economic freedom can possibly be a personal freedom
The greeks were responsible for breaking away from the previously held idea that laws came directly from GODS an contending that they were in fact a HUMAN institution.
This breakthrough became the stepping stone of current's advance and more intellectual laws.
Hope this helps