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are intertwined. It is not just that most money is in the form of bank accounts. The banking system can literally create money through the process of making loans. Let’s see how.

Start with a hypothetical bank called Singleton Bank. The bank has $10 million in deposits. The T-account balance sheet for Singleton Bank, when it holds all of the deposits in its vaults, is shown in Figure 1. At this stage, Singleton Bank is simply storing money for depositors; it is not using these deposits to make loans, so it cannot pay its depositors interest either.

The assets are reserves ($10 million). The liabilities + net worth are deposits ($10 million).

Figure 1. Singleton Bank’s Balance Sheet: Receives $10 million in Deposits.

Singleton Bank is required by the Federal Reserve to keep 10% of total deposits, or $1 million, on reserve to cover withdrawals. It will loan out the remaining $9 million. By loaning out the $9 million and charging interest, it will be able to make interest payments to depositors and earn interest income for Singleton Bank and make interest payments to depositors (for now, we will keep it simple and not put interest income on the balance sheet). Instead of becoming just a storage place for deposits, Singleton Bank can become a financial intermediary between savers and borrowers.

This change in business plan alters Singleton Bank’s balance sheet, as shown in Figure 2. Singleton’s assets have changed; it now has $1 million in reserves and a loan to Hank’s Auto Supply of $9 million. The bank still has $10 million in deposits.

The assets are reserves ($1 million) and loan to hank’s auto supply ($9 million). The liabilities + net worth are deposits ($10 million).

Figure 2. Singleton Bank’s Balance Sheet: 10% Reserves, One Round of Loans

Singleton Bank lends $9 million to Hank’s Auto Supply. The bank records this loan by making an entry on the balance sheet to indicate that a loan has been made. This loan is an asset, because it will generate interest income for the bank. Of course, the loan officer is not going to let Hank walk out of the bank with $9 million in cash. The bank issues Hank’s Auto Supply a cashier’s check for the $9 million. Hank deposits the loan in his regular checking account with First National. The deposits at First National rise by $9 million and its reserves also rise by $9 million, as Figure 3 shows. First National must hold 10% of additional deposits as required reserves but is free to loan out the rest.

The assets are reserves (+ $9 million). The liabilities + net worth are deposits (+ $9 million).

Figure 3. First National Bank’s Balance Sheet: Required 10% Reserves

Since the loan to Hank was deposited into a demand deposit account (Hank’s checking account), the loan increases the M1 money supply. Making loans that are deposited into a demand deposit account increases the M1 money supply. Remember the definition of M1 includes checkable

Explanation:

Because all currencies are fiat currencies, which means they are NOT backed by gold & silver. This allows private banks to create money out of thin air and lend it to governments. This is the root of inflation and the recent financial crisis.

If you think about the following: 2,000 years in Ancient Rome you could walk into a clothes store and with a one ounce gold coin you could buy yourself a nice robe, sandals, etc. and get well dressed for one gold coin. Today you walk into a department store in NYC, London, Milan or Tokyo and with a one ounce gold coin you can buy yourself a suit, shirt, tie, socks, shoes & belt. The value of a one ounce gold coin today in just over USD$1,700. Interesting to see that a gold coin 2,000 years ago buys you the same today.

If you look into monetary history you'll find that every time currencies were backed by gold & silver there was no inflation and economy thrived. The sooner we go back to this system, the sooner the economy will sort itself out.

The good thing is that the Swiss government are going to have circulate Swiss Franc gold coins as an alternative currency to the paper money Swiss France in Autumn this year. In Utah, USA a silver coin currency is already circulating as an alternative to the US dollar, 12 other US states are about to follow. Also the Mexican government is about to approve the circulation of silver coins as an alternative to the peso. So it's already coming...

3 0

3 years ago

Tax bills may be introduced either in the House of

Zinaida [17]

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

The tax bill must be introduced in the House of Representatives because the House is supposed to represent individual citizens, rather than whole states, as with the Senate.

3 0

3 years ago

What explains the dramatic growth in world population beginning in the sixteenth century

krok68 [10]

It is difficult to generalize about the European economy in the sixteenth century. Conditions varied considerably from one area to another; and, although there were forces that were everywhere at work, their intensity and their impact differed as they affected different regions. Similarly, there were temporal variations; conditions changed with the passage of time, and the timetable varied from one area to another.

Keeping these facts in mind, we may make some general statements. The sixteenth century was on the whole a time of economic expansion for Europe. The depressed conditions that had prevailed from the middle of the fourteenth century were giving way, and the growth before 1350 was being resumed. One sign of this expansion, as well as a cause of it, was a growth in population. By the sixteenth century, the ravages of the Black Death and its recurrences were being made up, and the overall population of Europe had reached its 1350 level and was increasing beyond that point.

The general statement that the sixteenth century was a period of economic expansion needs to be qualified by the recognition that not all areas witnessed the same degree of growth; in some, indeed, the overall picture is one of recession. The economy of Europe was becoming truly European. What happened in one country affected others, and wise businessmen kept abreast not only of economic activities and problems in the various parts of Europe but also of the numerous other factors that might affect their businesses. These factors included the political, diplomatic, and military situations; dynastic arrangements, including such matters as marriages among ruling families; and, as the split in the church became deeper, religious matters.

7 0

4 years ago