Innovation. refers to the creation, or invention of a new system to fulfill a societal need.
The feature of government does Montesquieu argue for in hisThe Spirit of Laws was its advocacy for political liberty through separation of powers. Montesquieu claimed that the executive power, which is in charge with enforcing laws, legislative which make laws, and judicial in charge with interpreting laws should be divided between three separate branches of government. This system of the separation of powers, he argued, assured that no one branch of government could overpower another, giving way to the well known checks and balances. Because each branch has its own powers and functions, each branch is therefore limited in its power and can check, or monitor, the other branches.
Montesquieu pointed out that the best political system relied on the unique social and political condition of that country.
Criollos living in Latin America were inspired by Enlightenment ideals because they gave them a philosophical base for their aspirations for independence.
Enlightenment ideals are sometimes summarized through the French Revolution slogan: liberty, equality, fraternity. These ideals inspired the birth of a political identity of these groups that was formed by differentiation from Spain and by the desire for freedom from colonial domination.
Enlightenment made the criollos feel rightfully entitled to independence and freedom.
