John Locke had the concept of natural rights.
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C. All three religions are based on sacred texts that explain the relationship between humans and gods.
They interpret the Constitution and any laws they may be deciding on, and determine if those laws violate anything that is in the Constitution. Many of those cases deal with the rights the Constitution grant to the citizens of the U.S. For example, a recent decision that dealt with the 2nd Amendment (the right to bear arms) said that the law in Washington DC that banned most people from owning handguns violated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms.
The correct answer is: [B]: "<span>right against cruel or unusual punishment" .
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Note that the "right against cruel or unusual punishment" is protected by the "8th {Eighth} Amendment of the U.S. Consitution" — NOT the "Fifth {5th} Amendment".
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I believe the answer to you question is greek & Roman