Answer:
It means the overseers offered not reason for beating the slaves with the whip. They just beat them at will.
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To reserve something is to set aside
Ex: "I reserved that hotel room."
Answer:
"Studies have found that authoritative parents are more likely to raise confident kids who achieve academic success, have better social skills and are more capable at problem-solving."
Explanation:
"Kids raised by authoritative parents are more likely to become independent, self-reliant, socially accepted, academically successful, and well-behaved. They are less likely to report depression and anxiety, and less likely to engage in antisocial behavior like delinquency and drug use."
Excerpts from textbook
Hope this helps :)
Basically overthrowing a government.