Answer: Abstract Algebra, Lie Groups/Algebras, Topology, Complex Analysis and Differential Geometry.
Explanation:
Those are the maths needed
The ability to generalize a study's results to different circumstances is known as external validity that suffers from 7 types of threats.
<h3>What are the threats to External Validity?</h3>
There are 7 major threats to external validity.
- The first threat is sampling bias, in which a sample is not representative of the population.
- The second threat is history, where an unrelated incident can affect the results.
- The third threat is observer bias, in which the traits or actions of the experimenter unintentionally affect the results, resulting in bias and other demand features.
- The fourth threat is the Hawthorne effect, which describes the propensity for individuals to alter their behaviour merely because they are aware that they are being observed.
- The fifth threat is the Testing Effect, in which the results are impacted by whether a test is administered before or after another.
- The sixth threat is the aptitude-treatment, which involves the interaction of individual and group factors to affect the dependent variable.
- The environment, time of day, location, researcher traits, and other variables that restrict the generalizability of the results are included in the seventh threat.
To learn more about external validity, refer:
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In 1931, the Japan invasion of Manchuria persuaded the Chinese Communist Party and the warlords to unite with the Kuomintang.
<h3>What was the effect of Communism?</h3>
In the year 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria immediately after the Mukeden incident and then installed Manchuko state.
This invasion by the Japanese army on Manchuria was because they felt that a Chinese lieutenant destroyed the South Manchuria Railway by a detonating dynamite.
The imperial Japanese army responded with a full invasion which caused a truce between the Kuomintang and communist party of china, they cooperated against the Japan.
Read more baout Communism at; brainly.com/question/11981920
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