The substances that make up plankton and plants are converted into fossil fuels. Plankton breaks down into natural gas and petroleum, while plants are turned into coal. As it is now, by coal mining and exploration of oil and gas wells on land and offshore, humans harvest these resources.
Answer:
Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix
Explanation:
The Golgi complex lies at the heart of the secretory pathway and is responsible for modifying proteins and lipids, as well as sorting newly synthesized molecules to their correct destination. As a consequence of these important roles, any changes in its proteome can negatively affect its function and in turn lead to disease.
Disruption of specific transport steps between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, endosomal-lysosomal system and the plasma membrane all can have dramatic consequences on the cell, and increasingly defects in the molecular machinery regulating membrane traffic are being linked to hereditary diseases.
Any changes to the proteome of the Golgi complex would affect its homeostasis and consequently the flux of proteins trafficking through it.
One possible consequence of mutations in Golgi complex proteins is that they cause gross changes in the morphology of the entire organelle and protein mislocalization, which together result in functional problems such as impairment of glycosylation.
Genetic studies of humans and mice continue to highlight the nonredundant mechanical role of components in complexes that anchor cells to extracellular matrices. At the same time, recent data provide exciting insights into, critical roles of transcription factors in regulating differentiation and function of matrix-producing cells.
The lizard population on the chart shows it steadily increasing in numbers. This might be because there are less predators and they have more prey to feed on so that their population will thrive.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the only known growth factor that activates quiescent satellite cells in skeletal muscle.
Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin.
HGF, produced by some cancer cells, stimulates c-Met, through activation of the autocrine signaling system. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine hormone that plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HGF secreted by mesenchymal cells affects many properties of epithelial cells, such as proliferation, motility, and morphology.
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