Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
A food wed is about who eat who like for example I think the human are on the top of the food chain because no one eat him
Answer:
they are important because if you did not know what boiling point is on water or freezing point is then it would be pointless in trying to make ice or boil water for food
Explanation:
In the context of protein digestion, protein breakdown into its amino acid constituents is completed by <u>proteases </u><u>produced in the small intestine</u>
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- Protein-degrading enzymes are referred to as proteases. These enzymes are produced by bacteria, fungus, plants, and mammals.
- Proteins in the body or on the skin are broken down by proteolytic enzymes.
- This may aid in digestion or the breakdown of proteins that contribute to inflammation and pain.
- The small intestine, pancreas, and stomach all manufacture protease.
- The stomach and small intestine are where the majority of chemical reactions take place.
- Pepsin is the primary digestive enzyme that targets proteins in the stomach.
- Proteases are released by the pancreas into the proximal small intestine, where they combine with proteins that have already been altered by gastric secretions and break them down into amino acids, which are then absorbed and utilized by the body as necessary.
learn more about proteases here:
brainly.com/question/24155941
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