The ways that the establishment of European maritime empires in the period 1450–1750 continued previous patterns of empire building were:
- the use of bureaucracies for enforcing laws and collecting taxes
- the use of tax revenues to fund the military to enforce its rule
- the use of religion to justify claims to power
The term "maritime empires" refers to the period between 1450 and 1750 when European nations used naval might to exert worldwide domination over regions in Asia, Africa, and America. Portugal, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands were the five major European nations that rose to maritime hegemony. The marine empires were not landlocked, in contrast to the Middle Ages and earlier empires.
Direct territorial expansion was common in ancient and mediaeval empires, usually beginning in the capital city or province, such as Rome for the Romans or Tenochtitlan for the Aztecs. The European powers were able to conquer an island on the other side of the globe and conduct reliable wool trade with nations like China and India because to the development of new technologies for building powerful navies. Consequently, there were maritime empires all over the world.
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