A. Experiencing an inflationary gap; when actual output exceeds potential output the price level rises because employers have to raise wage rates to entice more people into the labor market and employers have to pay more for other inputs that become more expensive to produce.
What is an output gap?
The difference between an economy's actual and potential output is measured economically as the "output gap." The maximum amount of products and services that an economy can produce at its peak efficiency, or when it is operating at capacity, is known as potential output. Potential output is frequently referred to as the economy's production capacity. An output gap suggests that an economy is running at an inefficient rate—either overworking or underworking its resources.
How it causes inflation?
Potential output, which is often defined as the level of output consistent with no pressure for prices to rise or fall, is frequently used by policymakers to measure inflation. The production gap serves as a quick indicator of the relative importance of the demand and supply sides of the economy in this situation. Thus, the output gap is a crucial link between the real side of the economy, which generates goods and services, and inflation. It quantifies the strength of inflation pressure in the economy.
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