C, A—C—T—G—G because the letters A and T are missing
Answer:
Chloroplast -----membranes----------internal
---------external
----- Tylacoids-------------Grana
----- Stroma
You will find the complete concept map in the attached files
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are composed of three membrane systems. Surrounding the organelle we can find the external membrane. To the interior of the organelle, there is the internal membrane. These two systems are separated by the intermembrane space. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the presence of a double membrane is the characteristic that reinforces the idea of a prokaryote being phagocyted by a eukaryote. The internal membrane looks identical to the membrane of bacterias, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
Thylakoids are located in the interior of the organelle. These structures are also surrounded by a membrane, and in their interior, there is the thylakoid space. Each thylakoid looks like a hollow sac, and together with other thylakoids, they form piles, known as grana. Different piles or grana connect to each other by longer membranes. These internal structures together compose the third system of membranes. The photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoids, where it occurs the light-dependent reactions.
Surrounding the thylakoids there is a dense liquid called the stroma. Here takes a place the Calvin cycle.
Answer:
Not likely to be one that high.
Explanation:
A 7 only every 3,400 years so not likely.
Answer:
<u>the bottleneck effect</u>
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Explanation:
Genetic drift has an important impact on the small populations. mutations, which are spontaneous heritable changes in the genetic code, made up of DNA. Here, mutations accumulate over time in a group, modifying the distribution of alleles or various forms of a gene. Natural selection may result in a loss of diversity in a population called genetic drift; one trait's allelic frequency rises while others become less prevalent. Typically such differences exist because of occurrences of mutation and recombination.
Some mutations or alleles may become extinct from the population.
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Variants of a gene accumulate and are transmitted across generations; the frequencies of these occurrences are altered and become more stable in genetic drift- they become genetically distinct and may eventually form a new species after isolation. This may be further compounded through other phenomena such as the founder effect where a group separates and genetic diversity decreases; and the bottleneck effect where barriers to reproduction or the die-off a population increases genetic drift.
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Answer:
Proteins are dynamic entities, and they possess an inherent flexibility that allows them to function through molecular interactions within the cell, among cells and even between organisms. Appreciation of the non-static nature of proteins is emerging, but to describe and incorporate this into an intuitive perception of protein function is challenging. Flexibility is of overwhelming importance for protein function, and the changes in protein structure during interactions with binding partners can be dramatic. The present review addresses protein flexibility, focusing on protein-ligand interactions. The thermodynamics involved are reviewed, and examples of structure-function studies involving experimentally determined flexibility descriptions are presented. While much remains to be understood about protein flexibility, it is clear that it is encoded within their amino acid sequence and should be viewed as an integral part of their structure.
Explanation:
