In this question, there are no options provided. I would try and answer this question from my knowledge and hope it helps you. High erosion rates in Madagascar are caused primarily by slash and burn treatment of forests. This leads to the upper soil becoming very loose and they get eroded very easily. This leads to unfavorable condition for farming.
Answer: The language, Religion, Diseases,
Explanation: When the European people came, specifically the Spanish they forced their language on the native people in Central America and Mexico, not letting them speak their native language, but instead Spanish. In the Carribean, it was the French, Dutch, English, and Spanish people. The Europeans from these aforementioned countries forced them to speak their languages, and did the same with religion. The native people of their land were banned from practicing their traditional religon, and instead forced to inherit the spirit of Catholisism and all. Lastly, the diseases brought from these European countries greatly shaped the outlook of the people in these areas today.
B. Deforestation is a way to clear land and plant more by humans but the other answers are natural things that happen in the environment.