Answer:
The best answer from the choices, to the question: The cause of the hyperventilation is described by which of the following statement:___, would be, B: A decrease in the bicarbonate concentration stimulates ventilation.
Explanation:
The acid-base balance in the human body, is a very restrictive one. Normal ranges in this base are: 7.35 to 7.45. Whenever the values go either below 7.35 or above 7.45, we are talking about a person going into acidosis or alkalosis. Both situations are pretty serious and they have to do with the balance between the amounts of bicarbonate, and CO2 in the form of carbonic acid, in the blood. The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid, is usually 20:1. Chemoreceptors, especially central ones in the neck, measure constantly that the balance is kept and if this is not the case, then several mechanisms will be put into place to recover it. One such measure is respiratory, and the other is metabolic. In the case of this 17-year-old, he has a pneumonia, which means that from the start, one of his recovery mechanisms is impeded, which is the respiratory mechanism of balance. He is also having metabolic problems with his system of compensation because his body is already producing high levels of H+ ions and not enough bicarbonate. Hyperventilation in this person is attempting to expel as much CO2 as possible, to try and restore the balance. The first thing that is sensed by the receptors is the changing in the 20:1 ratio, the increase in pH due to too much carbonic acid, and thus the body initiates the use of CO2 expulsion by the lungs, while metabolic mechanisms come into play.
Evidence based practice (EBP) involves the decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient characteristics.
EBP in simple terms involves the application of the scientific theories and findings into real practice on the patients. In EBP, the choices and preferences of the concerned patients are given utmost priority.
This means that the usage of the old and traditional practices may be discarded. The benefit of applying this phenomenon is that it involves personally designing the care-chart of each patient according to their symptoms, therefore, providing the required treatments and avoiding unnecessary medications and treatments.
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Answer:
Option (2),(3) and (4).
Explanation:
Harm reduction approaches may be defined as programmes that mainly focus to reduce the negative health from the society. Harm reduction approaches generally applies to illicit and licit drugs.
Harm reduction approaches the provision that only free and clean needles IV drug users. A designated driver may be a form of harm reduction. This harm reduction acknowledges the various risks that are associated with psychoactive drug use.
Thus, the correct answer is option (2),(3), and (4).
Answer:
eonates born to mothers with untreated early syphilis at the time of delivery are at increased risk for congenital syphilis, and the 10-day course of penicillin G should be considered even if the neonate's nontreponemal test is nonreactive, the complete evaluation is normal, and follow-up is certainExplanation:
<h2>Cholinergic and Adrenergic neurons</h2>
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a dual innervations system which innervates internal organs of the body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Depending upon the neurotransmitter and receptor used, the ANS fibers are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic neurons.
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) and hence are called cholinergic neurons.
The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamine like norepinephrine(NE) and hence called as adrenergic neurons.
The cholinergic neurons store ACH in the synaptic terminals. They are myelinated to aid in faster neurotransmission. The ACH neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons activates the two receptors – nicotinic ACH and muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons
.
The postganglionic neurons releasing NE binds to the adrenergic receptors – Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1, 2, and 3.
