Answer:
a. 0.01
b. 0.001
c. The identification field of the packet fragment can be used to uniquely identify and collate the fragments lost in transmission.
Explanation:
The probability of losing a packet is 10% or 0.1, so the probability of losing the packet twice during transmission;
= 0.1 x 0.1 = 0.01
When any fragments have been part of the transmission, the probability of the packet is dependent on the fragments;
= 0.01 x 0.1 = 0.001
The identification field is a unique 16-bit value assigned to an IPv4 packet, when a packet is fragmented for transmission, its field is used to collate the unique fragments in the packet.
