Question

Gondwana moved northward during the Carboniferous, and periods of sea level rise/fall due to melting/advancing glaciers caused unique cyclic rock sequences of nonmarine and marine deposition. These are called ____________________.

Answer 1

Gondwana moved northward during the Carboniferous, and periods of sea level rise/fall due to melting/advancing glaciers caused unique cyclic rock sequences of nonmarine and marine deposition. These are called cyclothems.

In geology, cyclothems are alternating stratigraphic sequences of marine and non-marine sediments, sometimes embedded with coal seams. Historically, the term was defined by European coal geologists working with coal pans formed during the Carboniferous and early Permian periods.

The deposit sequence has been exhaustively explored by petroleum geologists using geophysical profiles of continents and ocean basins. A common theory of basin-scale sedimentation is formalized under the name sequence stratigraphy.

Since the Carboniferous was a widespread ice age in the Southern Hemisphere, it is likely that several cyclothems formed as a result of oceanic regressions associated with the growth and collapse of ice sheets, respectively. A more common interpretation of the sequence gives rise to Milankovitch cycles.

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