The Byzantine Empire fell in 1453. The immediate cause of its fall was pressure by the Ottoman Turks. The Ottomans had been fighting the Byzantines for over 100 years by this time. In 1454, Constantinople finally fell to them and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire was complete.
Jimmy Doolittle of the Doolittle raid attack Tokyo. Japan believed emperor was untouchable. When the operation was launched and was successful they immediately had a change of thought. There was no way the would be able to beat America.
