Christian ideas of salvation, charity, and justice federalism for everyone leading to social and industrial reform including ending child labor. Reconstruction was a success in that it restored the United States as a unified nation.
Reconstruction failed by most other measures: Radical Republican legislation ultimately failed to protect former slaves from white persecution and failed to engender fundamental changes to the social fabric of the South. When President Rutherford B. federalism debate that had been an issue since the 1790s almost mediately . Hayes removed federal troops from the South in 1877, former Confederate federalism officials and slave returned to With the support of a conservative Supreme Court, these newly empowered white southern politicians passed black codes, voter qualifications, and other anti-progressive legislation to reverse the rights that blacks had gained during Radical Reconstruction. The U.S. Supreme Court bolstered this anti-progressive movement federalism with decisions in the Slaughterhouse Cases, the Civil Rights Cases, and United States v.
In 1653, after dissolution of the Rump Parliament, the Army Council adopted the Instrument of Government which made Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of a united "Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland", inaugurating the period now usually known as the Protectorate.
The Italians had a monopoly on Mediterranean trade. Extremely high prices were caused by the difficulty of moving Eastern goods to Europe. Ships traveling water routes could carry more goods.
