Constantinople was part of the Byzantine Empire.
Nowadays known as <em>Istambul </em>-the capital city of Turkey- Constantinople was an important location for the Roman Empire. "Constantine The Great" was the most famous leader of the Byzantine region. The official religion in Constantinople was Christianity.
Constantinople was located beside Bosporus strait, a small portion of water that connected to the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This large city represented the strenght of the Byzantine Empire for 1000 years.
The fall of Constantinople was in 1453, when Mehmed II, from the Ottoman Empire, conquered the city and declared a Muslim government.
Answer: Collaborative learning (cl) is an e<span>ducational approach to teaching & learning involving students working together to complete taks and solve problems.
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Reinforcement and punishment are the correct answers.
In Psychology, the Law of Effect states that responses that produce a satisfying effect tend to occur again and responses that result in a discomforting effect are less likely to re-occur. Thus, when people receive rewards for acting a certain way, they are most likely going to keep it up. On the other hand, if people are punished for acting a certain way, they are more likely to avoid acting that way again. Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as <u>reinforcement</u> and the second part as <u>punishment</u>.
Non-repudiation prevents an individual from fraudulently reneging on an action.
Let understand that "Cryptography" is a term used in commuting and mean study of secure communications techniques which ensure that message are confidentially transferred between the sender and receiver and are non-accessible by third party.
- The most common used techniques is Encyrption which ensures data are converted into <em>plaintext for input</em> and <em>ciphertext for output</em><em>.</em>
- Non-repudiation prevents individual from denying that he/she performed a certain action related to such data.
In conclusion, cryptography can prevent an individual from fraudulently reneging on an action through Non-repudiation.
Learn more about Cryptography here
<em>brainly.com/question/88001</em>