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olga55 [171]
2 years ago
8

Rewrite the following integral in spherical coordinates.​

Mathematics
1 answer:
lora16 [44]2 years ago
4 0

In cylindrical coordinates, we have r^2=x^2+y^2, so that

z = \pm \sqrt{2-r^2} = \pm \sqrt{2-x^2-y^2}

correspond to the upper and lower halves of a sphere with radius \sqrt2. In spherical coordinates, this sphere is \rho=\sqrt2.

1 \le r \le \sqrt2 means our region is between two cylinders with radius 1 and \sqrt2. In spherical coordinates, the inner cylinder has equation

x^2+y^2 = 1 \implies \rho^2\cos^2(\theta) \sin^2(\phi) + \rho^2\sin^2(\theta) \sin^2(\phi) = \rho^2 \sin^2(\phi) = 1 \\\\ \implies \rho^2 = \csc^2(\phi) \\\\ \implies \rho = \csc(\phi)

This cylinder meets the sphere when

x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 + z^2 = 2 \implies z^2 = 1 \\\\ \implies \rho^2 \cos^2(\phi) = 1 \\\\ \implies \rho^2 = \sec^2(\phi) \\\\ \implies \rho = \sec(\phi)

which occurs at

\csc(\phi) = \sec(\phi) \implies \tan(\phi) = 1 \implies \phi = \dfrac\pi4+n\pi

where n\in\Bbb Z. Then \frac\pi4\le\phi\le\frac{3\pi}4.

The volume element transforms to

dx\,dy\,dz = r\,dr\,d\theta\,dz = \rho^2 \sin(\phi) \, d\rho \, d\theta \, d\phi

Putting everything together, we have

\displaystyle \int_0^{2\pi} \int_1^{\sqrt2} \int_{-\sqrt{2-r^2}}^{\sqrt{2-r^2}} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta = \boxed{\int_0^{2\pi} \int_{\pi/4}^{3\pi/4} \int_{\csc(\phi)}^{\sqrt2} \rho^2 \sin(\phi) \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta} = \frac{4\pi}3

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How to do the inverse of a 3x3 matrix gaussian elimination.
nata0808 [166]

As an example, let's invert the matrix

\begin{bmatrix}-3&2&1\\2&1&1\\1&1&1\end{bmatrix}

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On this augmented matrix, we perform row operations in such a way as to transform the matrix on the left side into the identity matrix, and the matrix on the right will be the inverse that we want to find.

Now we can carry out Gaussian elimination.

• Eliminate the column 1 entry in row 2.

Combine 2 times row 1 with 3 times row 2 :

2 (-3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) + 3 (2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0)

= (-6, 4, 2, 2, 0, 0) + (6, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0)

= (0, 7, 5, 2, 3, 0)

which changes the augmented matrix to

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right]

• Eliminate the column 1 entry in row 3.

Using the new aug. matrix, combine row 1 and 3 times row 3 :

(-3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) + 3 (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)

= (-3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) + (3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3)

= (0, 5, 4, 1, 0, 3)

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 & 4 & 1 & 0 & 3 \end{array} \right]

• Eliminate the column 2 entry in row 3.

Combine -5 times row 2 and 7 times row 3 :

-5 (0, 7, 5, 2, 3, 0) + 7 (0, 5, 4, 1, 0, 3)

= (0, -35, -25, -10, -15, 0) + (0, 35, 28, 7, 0, 21)

= (0, 0, 3, -3, -15, 21)

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 3 & -3 & -15 & 21 \end{array} \right]

• Multiply row 3 by 1/3 :

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 & -5 & 7 \end{array} \right]

• Eliminate the column 3 entry in row 2.

Combine row 2 and -5 times row 3 :

(0, 7, 5, 2, 3, 0) - 5 (0, 0, 1, -1, -5, 7)

= (0, 7, 5, 2, 3, 0) + (0, 0, -5, 5, 25, -35)

= (0, 7, 0, 7, 28, -35)

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 & 0 & 7 & 28 & -35 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 & -5 & 7 \end{array} \right]

• Multiply row 2 by 1/7 :

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 4 & -5 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 & -5 & 7 \end{array} \right]

• Eliminate the column 2 and 3 entries in row 1.

Combine row 1, -2 times row 2, and -1 times row 3 :

(-3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) - 2 (0, 1, 0, 1, 4, -5) - (0, 0, 1, -1, -5, 7)

= (-3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0) + (0, -2, 0, -2, -8, 10) + (0, 0, -1, 1, 5, -7)

= (-3, 0, 0, 0, -3, 3)

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} -3 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -3 & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 4 & -5 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 & -5 & 7 \end{array} \right]

• Multiply row 1 by -1/3 :

\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 4 & -5 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & -1 & -5 & 7 \end{array} \right]

So, the inverse of our matrix is

\begin{bmatrix}-3&2&1\\2&1&1\\1&1&1\end{bmatrix}^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix}0&1&-1\\1&4&-5\\-1&-5&7\end{bmatrix}

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2 years ago
When consumers apply for credit, their credit is rated using FICO (Fair, Isaac, and Company) scores. Credit ratings are given be
Flura [38]

Answer:

a) The 99% confidence interval would be given by (589.588;731.038)

b) If we see the confidence interval the 620 is included on the interval we don't have enough evidence to reject the rating is 620. But since we need a score that at least 620 and our lower limit is 589.588 we cant conclude that all the clients would have a score that at least of 620.  

Step-by-step explanation:

Previous concepts

A confidence interval is "a range of values that’s likely to include a population value with a certain degree of confidence. It is often expressed a % whereby a population means lies between an upper and lower interval".

The margin of error is the range of values below and above the sample statistic in a confidence interval.

Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".

The data is:

661 595 548 730 791 678 672 491 492 583 762 624 769 729 734 706

Part a

Compute the sample mean and sample standard deviation.  

In order to calculate the mean and the sample deviation we need to have on mind the following formulas:  

\bar X= \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{x_i}{n}  

s=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar X)}{n-1}}  

=AVERAGE(661, 595, 548, 730, 791, 678, 672, 491 ,492, 583, 762 ,624 ,769, 729, 734, 706)

On this case the average is \bar X= 660.313

=STDEV.S(661, 595, 548, 730, 791, 678, 672, 491 ,492, 583, 762 ,624 ,769, 729, 734, 706)

The sample standard deviation obtained was s=95.898

Find the critical value t* Use the formula for a CI to find upper and lower endpoints

In order to find the critical value we need to take in count that our sample size n =16<30 and on this case we don't know about the population standard deviation, so on this case we need to use the t distribution. Since our interval is at 99% of confidence, our significance level would be given by \alpha=1-0.99=0.01 and \alpha/2 =0.005. The degrees of freedom are given by:

df=n-1=16-1=15

We can find the critical values in excel using the following formulas:

"=T.INV(0.005,15)" for t_{\alpha/2}=-2.95

"=T.INV(1-0.005,15)" for t_{1-\alpha/2}=2.95

The confidence interval for the mean is given by the following formula:

\bar X \pm t_{\alpha/2}\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}  

And if we find the limits we got:

660.313- 2.95\frac{95.898}{\sqrt{16}}=589.588  

[tex]660.313+ 2.95\frac{95.898}{\sqrt{16}}=731.038/tex]  

So the 99% confidence interval would be given by (589.588;731.038)

Part b

If we see the confidence interval the 620 is included on the interval we don't have enough evidence to reject the rating is 620. But since we need a score that at least 620 and our lower limit is 589.588 we cant conclude that all the clients would have a score that at least of 620.  

4 0
2 years ago
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