The hard problem of consciousness refers to the question regarding how physical phenomena like brain processes are related to experiential states such as mental experience which have phenomenal qualities.
Functionalism tries to explain mental states in terms of causal relations and sensory stimulations.
But philosopher David Chalmers points out that while functionalism answers the easy problem of how the brain processes information and responds to stimuli, it does not explain why physical processes are accompanied by specific mental states. For example, why does one not only recoil in response to injury but also experience pain? And why the experience of pain in particular, as opposed to say, itching?
The correct answer is d because Khomeini was the leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and wanted to take down the monarchy and implement Islamic rules and laws
