Belief, relief , assurance
The Americans hostility towards the clergy, adherents, and the Catholic Church during the 1800s was rooted to their desires to maintain the white, Protestant nation. The reform even led to religious discrimination and violence.
In ancient Greece only male adults, members of the aristocracy had full political, economic and social rights and were allowed to participate in the decision-making process through direct democracy. On the other hand, women, laborers, merchants, children, slaves and foreigners had minimum rights are were not allow to participate in the political process due to their lack of capacity to be independent from someone's protection.
Today, ancient Greek democracy wouldn't be considered a democracy in the terms we understand it. There was a deep social division that didn't allow a large amount of the population to decide about their own fate and to be renegade it as second class citizens.
The most important criteria regarding citizenship lies first of all in the rights and responsibilities of US citizens which are established in the Constitution. Which are there to guarantee people's participation as well as their protection and representation. ("3 different United States, Hooven & Allison vs Evatt).
The United States did not participate in the Scramble for Africa. The Scramble for Africa is defined as "the invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914." However, all of these powers including the United States, which had one colony were involved in the scramble, it was just more of a scramble for the European countries and the United States claimed a colony.
B) As Japan is an island, it would cause a big casualties and Americans might not been able to capture Japan because it has so many areas under control..