In the GPCR-adenylyl cyclase signal transduction system, which step initiates amplification?
In the GPCR-adenylyl cyclase signal transduction system, which step initiates amplification?
Protein kinase A activation
The cellular response
Activation of the G protein
Production of cAMP
Production of cAMP
Hope this help
Answer:
Ambulacraria
Explanation:
Ambulacraria or Coelomopora is an invertebrate clade that encompasses the Echinodermata and Hemichordata within the deuterostomies. This grouping is considered Chordata's sister taxon because it has a common ancestor.
The phylum Chordata is considered the last within the evolutionary range and comprises all vertebrates and some invertebrates such as amphioxus and tunicates. The main feature of this phylum is the presence of notochord in at least one of its embryonic phases. In vertebrates, the notochord will later make room for the Vertebral Column.
Tissues form when many similar specializes cells come together.
The level of complexity in organisms from smaller to larger are:
Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism finally.
Cells makes up tissue, tissue makes up organ, organs makes up organ systems, and organ systems makes up an organism.
Therefore, if the same type of cells come together, they'll make up tissue.
Answer:
Option b. Lowering the pH to kill pathogenic bacteria is correct answer.
Explanation:
bacterial motors are sensitive to pH. By decreasing the pH bacterial motors stops working. This was identified in a new research. But, with the weak acids and a lower internal pH they slow and ultimately stop moving (became dead).
Reference: Powell, K. Acid stops bacteria swimming. Nature (2003).
The significant role of spore formation in the reproductive cycle of this bacterium would be to allow the bacteria to survive in extreme conditions. The spore formed is called an endospore which is a thick cover made of protein. These spores are mostly resistant to heat and chemicals which makes the bacteria survive in harsh conditions. Spores can only be destroyed by sterilization and it require very high pressures and very temperatures. In microbiology and medical settings, this process is usually done in a device known as the autoclave. Sterilization is a process that involves the killing of all microorganism in a system whether it is harmful or beneficial.
