Answer:
1. Height
2. Girth
Explanation:
The woody plants grow in two manners: the primary growth and secondary growth.
The primary growth is considered the type of growth which increases the height of the plant which involves the apical meristem present at the tip of the shoot.
When the height increases up to its maximum length, then secondary growth begins which add tissues to the side that is it increases the girth by adding bark, secondary xylem and phloem.
Thus, Height and Girth is correct.
Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands. DNA has four bases called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) that form pairs between the two strands. Adenine only pairs with thymine and cytosine only binds with guanine. In order to unwind DNA, these interactions between base pairs must be broken. This is performed by an enzyme known as DNA helicase. DNA helicase disrupts the hydrogen bonding between base pairs to separate the strands into a Y shape known as the replication fork. This area will be the template for replication to begin.
Step 2: Primer Binding
The leading strand is the simplest to replicate. Once the DNA strands have been separated, a short piece of RNA called a primer binds to the 3' end of the strand. The primer always binds as the starting point for replication. Primers are generated by the enzyme DNA primase.
Step 3: Elongation
Enzymes known as DNA polymerases are responsible creating the new strand by a process called elongation. There are five different known types of DNA polymerases in bacteria and human cells. In bacteria such as E. coli, polymerase III is the main replication enzyme, while polymerase I, II, IV and V are responsible for error checking and repair. DNA polymerase III binds to the strand at the site of the primer and begins adding new base pairs complementary to the strand during replication. In eukaryotic cells, polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon are the primary polymerases involved in DNA replication. Because replication proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand, the newly formed strand is continuous.
Step 4: Termination
Once both the continuous and discontinuous strands are formed, an enzyme called exonuclease removes all RNA primers from the original strands. These primers are then replaced with appropriate bases. Another exonuclease “proofreads” the newly formed DNA to check, remove and replace any errors. Another enzyme called DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments together forming a single unified strand. The ends of the linear DNA present a problem as DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The ends of the parent strands consist of repeated DNA sequences called telomeres. Telomeres act as protective caps at the end of chromosomes to prevent nearby chromosomes from fusing.
So if that here are the functions of enzymes used:
DNA helicase - unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA. It forms the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA.
DNA primase - a type of RNA polymerase that generates RNA primers. Primers are short RNA molecules that act as templates for the starting point of DNA replication.
DNA polymerases - synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands.
Topoisomerase or DNA Gyrase - unwinds and rewinds DNA strands to prevent the DNA from becoming tangled or supercoiled.
Exonucleases - group of enzymes that remove nucleotide bases from the end of a DNA chain.
DNA ligase - joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
Have a nice day
Vitamin C is required to produce the collagen present in the extracellular matrix.
<h2>
Vitamin C</h2>
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a vitamin that dissolves in water and can be found in citrus and vegetables. Vitamin C is key to preventing and treating scurvy, which is a disease that occurs from Vitamin C deficiency (most of the time due to malnutrition or severe alcoholism); the first symptoms of scurvy are weakness and fatigue, but if it does not get treated properly, it can progress to anemia, hemorrhage, periodontitis, changes in personality, and finally death.
Vitamin C is a necessary element for tissue healing, collagen synthesis, and neurotransmitter enzymatic production. It is vital for immune system function and is necessary for the functioning of numerous enzymes. It has antioxidant properties as well.
Learn more about Vitamin C here: brainly.com/question/1165711
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Answer:
C Decreased fecundity
Explanation:
Decreased fecundity.
Fecundity is nothing but the ability to reproduce.
Lizards living in colder climates cannot reach the body size required for reproduction. As a result, they invest available energy to increase the body size as a result of which, they enter reproduction later.
Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. ... Scientific laws summarize the results of experiments or observations, usually within a certain range of application.
