Seasons are not caused by the Earth's shifting distance from the sun. We are usually the farthest away from the sun in early July during northern summer and the closest in January during northern winter.
Earth's tilt on its axis is what causes the seasons. Due to the tilt of the Earth's northern hemisphere toward the sun, it is currently summer there. We are mostly exposed to the sun's beams.
Likewise, winter has arrived in the Southern Hemisphere due to the tilt of the Earth's axis away from the sun. Cooler temperatures result from more indirect sunlight.
However, the Earth's shifting distance from the sun has an effect on the length of the seasons. That's because when we're the furthest away from the sun, like right now, Earth's orbit is the slowest. As a result, summer is the longest season in the Northern Hemisphere while winter is the longest season in the Southern Hemisphere.
In the Northern Hemisphere, winter is the shortest season, while summer is the shortest in the Southern Hemisphere, both by approximately five days.
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