The grassy plains made up the majority of the fertile crescent. Although this region was suitable for farming, it lacked materials like stone, wood, and metal. Knives, spears, weapons, constructing buildings or shelters, and creating fires were only a few of the challenges these shortages brought on for the locals.
Plant and animal cultivation is known as agriculture or farming. Farming of domesticated species produced food surpluses that allowed people to dwell in cities, and this was the crucial innovation in the birth of sedentary human civilization.
Farming has a long history dating back a very long time. Around 11,500 years ago, early farmers started to sow the wild grains they had been harvesting for at least 105,000 years. Domestication of pigs, sheep, and cattle dates back more than 10,000 years. Despite the fact that 2 billion people still relied on subsistence agriculture in the 20th century, industrial agriculture based on massive monocultures began to dominate agricultural production.
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