The general restrictions and authority granted to the federal and state governments by their respective written constitutions are referred to as constitutional law.
A state's executive, legislative, and judicial branches as well as the fundamental rights of its citizens and, in federal nations like the United States and Canada, the relationship between the national government and state, provincial, and territorial governments are all defined by the body of law known as constitutional law.
Not all nation states have written constitutions, but all such entities have a jus commune, or law of the land, which may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual laws. Customary law, conventions, statute law, court-made law, and international laws and standards may all fall under this category. Constitutional law focuses on the underlying rules that guide how the government wields its power. These principles sometimes provide the government specific powers, including the ability to tax and spend money for the general good of the populace. Other times, constitutional principles function to impose restrictions on what the government can do, such as banning the arrest of a person without a warrant.
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