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I think it is d. Gerund, because it is a verb that can be a noun
A. Workhouse authorities were extremely careless in their duties
This is because the passage doesn't say anything about children being weak due to poor nourishment nor parishioners wrongly criticizing their own officials, and if the legal system carefully monitored parish affairs then children wouldn't be getting scalded to death or overlooked.
Answer: Compound -Complex
Explanation:
