The zebra mussel is an invasive species that decrease the carrying capacity of native species by competing for limited food resources. Invasive species are harmful to the homeostasis of an ecosystem.
The carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size of a species sustained by specific environmental conditions.
The factors that affect the carrying capacity include the availability of both biotic (e.g., food, presence of invasive species, etc) and abiotic (e.g., water, habitat) resources.
For example, Zebra mussels, and Quagga mussels are invasive species that can decrease the carrying capacity of native mussels by taking away limited food and attaching themselves to the native mussels.
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Answer:
Binary systems are the easiest, where there are two stars in a solar system instead of one.
Explanation:
When there are two stars in a solar system, instead of one, the stars orbit each other. Astronomers can measure quite a bit of information about the movement of the stars. This includes how fast they travel around each other and how often they fully orbit each other. From this information, the mass can be calculated. Note that this information can then be used to estimate the masses of other stars that fit the same type of categories in solar systems with a single star.
Using conditional probability, it is found that there is a 0.052 = 5.2% probability that a randomly chosen U. S. President is left-handed and a democrat.
<h3>What is Conditional Probability?</h3>
Conditional probability is the probability of one event happening, considering a previous event. The formula is:
![P(B|A) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28B%7CA%29%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP%28A%20%5Ccap%20B%29%7D%7BP%28A%29%7D)
In which
- P(B|A) is the probability of event B happening, given that A happened.
is the probability of both A and B happening.
- P(A) is the probability of A happening.
In this problem, the events are:
- Event A: President is left-handed.
- Event B: President is a democrat.
Researching the problem on the internet, it is found that:
- 40% of the presidents were left-handed, hence P(A) = 0.4.
- If a president is left-handed, there is a 13% chance that the president is a Democrat, hence P(B|A) = 0.13.
Then:
![P(B|A) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28B%7CA%29%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP%28A%20%5Ccap%20B%29%7D%7BP%28A%29%7D)
![0.13 = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{0.4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.13%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP%28A%20%5Ccap%20B%29%7D%7B0.4%7D)
![P(A \cap B) = 0.13(0.4)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28A%20%5Ccap%20B%29%20%3D%200.13%280.4%29)
![P(A \cap B) = 0.052](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28A%20%5Ccap%20B%29%20%3D%200.052)
0.052 = 5.2% probability that a randomly chosen U. S. President is left-handed and a democrat.
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The nuclear isotope of Bromine, BR that contains 46 neutrons per atom is; ⁸¹Br
<h3>Nuclear Isotopes</h3>
The concept of Isotopes as characterized by the presence of the same number of protons and different number of neutrons, hence, resulting in a different mass number for atoms of the same element also applies to nuclear entities.
- On this note, the nuclear Isotope of bromine as described is; ⁸¹Br.
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