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What led to Europe's Age of Exploration?
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Asked on September 19, 2010 at 6:50 AM by steven13
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larrygates's profile pic
larrygates | College Teacher | (Level 1) Educator Emeritus
Posted on August 17, 2011 at 9:33 PM
Any number of factors led to European Exploration, dating back to the Crusades. The Crusades were the first exposure of Europeans to Eastern products which were in high demand in Europe, primarily sugar. Additionally, Marco Polo's book, A Map of the World contained glowing (if inaccurate) descriptions of the wealth of Asia. An example:
It should be understood that the sea in which the Island of Zipangu [Japan] is situated is the sea of CHIN, and so extensive is this eastern sea that according to experienced pilots and mariners, who should know, it contains no fewer than 7,440 islands, mostly inhabited. It is said that every one of the trees which grow in them gives off a fragrant odor. They produce many spices and drugs, particularly aloes, and much pepper, both white and black.
Additionally, the rise of Nation States in Europe led to increased revenue for Monarchs who were able to finance European voyages of discovery. Notable here was the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella which united Spain into a united country.
A final factor was the fall of Constantinople to the Turks on November 27, 1453, Constantinople had been the primary market for Asian goods; however after it was taken by by the Turks, Europeans searched for ways to circumvent the Muslims.
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martinjmurphy's profile pic
martinjmurphy | Middle School Teacher | (Level 1) Associate Educator
Posted on September 19, 2010 at 7:53 AM
The Crusades and the end of the Middle Ages created the conditions needed for the Age of Exploration to happen. When the crusaders came back from the Middle East, they brought with them silks and spices and other goods from the Far East that people in Europe began to demand. With the end of the Middle Ages, there was a corresponding increase in trade. Huge fortunes, especially by Italian merchants and bankers, were made from this trade with the east. Also with the end of the Middle Ages, nations began to develop and power and wealth became concentrated in monarchs throughtout Europe. These monarchs saw there was money to be made in trade with the east and began to finance trips of exploration. Most of the voyages of discovery made during the Age of Exploration were in reality attempts to find faster and cheaper trade routes to the Far East.
Answer:
On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany launched a surprise attack against the Soviet Union, its ally in the war against Poland. By the end of the year, German troops had advanced almost 1,000 miles to the outskirts of Moscow. Soon after the invasion, mobile killing units began the mass murder of Soviet Jews. German military and civilian occupation policies led to the deaths of millions of Soviet prisoners of war and Soviet civilians.
Most of France's population was in the third estate yet they had the smallest amount of land. The thirds estate was also the poorest but they had to pay more taxes than the first and second estates.
Mary II—who accepted the Bill of Rights—ascended to the English throne as a joint monarch.
<h3>Determine which kings in seventeenth-century England correspond to the above descriptions.</h3>
- Mary II- adopted the Bill of Rights and then came to the English crown as a joint king.
- David Cameron - Ireland was conquered, and the Commonwealth was founded.
- King Charles I- lost a protracted Civil War to armies supporting Parliament.
- William III - was crowned king following a time when England was under commonwealth government.
- James II- placed Catholics to positions of power and enlisted them in the military
<h3>I matched them because</h3>
- The Charter of Rights, which significantly curtailed royal authority and "broadened constitutional legislation," also granted Parliament control over the military and finances. It also created the "royal succession," according to which no Roman Catholic will ever rule England. Additionally, it was asserted that "Englishmen" had certain unalienable "civil & political rights," which had a significant influence on the establishment of the United States. The Bill of Rights was drafted about a century later. Following the bloodless Glorious Revolution of England, Mary, the king's daughter, and William von Orange, her husband, were recognized as traditional "British sovereigns" under the new British Bill of Rights.
- In 1649 with the Scottish invasion and again in 1650, Cromwell led the English army. The English, Scottish, and Irish Commonwealth was established as a result of this, which began with the Worcester Battle on September 3, 1651, and a "parliamentary victory." In 1650, Cromwell was appointed as an effective Commander in Chief by the "Lord General of the Parliamentary" military forces.
- In defiance of the will of Parliament, Charles married the French Catholic. Charles reinstated outdated taxes and laws without the consent of Parliament. He banished them in 1629 after the "Parliament" objected. Until 1640, Charles governed without a House; this period is known as the "Eleven Years Dictatorship." A civil war broke out after Charles tried the five leaders of the Parliament but was unable to capture them. In 1646, Charles finally ceded. In the year 1648, he battled to overturn Parliament once more during the Second Civil War. He was tried by Parliament for fraud, and in 1649 he was put to death.
- co-reigning with Mary II (r. 1689-94). After the Glorious Revolution, he was crowned king, ensuring the triumph of Parliament and the Protestant cause. William III led the charge in foreign politics against Louis XIV's aspirations.
- From February 6 until his burial in the glorious Revolution of 1688, "James II" reigned as James II and King of Scotland as James VII. He was also "King of England & Ireland." As the last Christian royal ruler of England, Scotland, and Ireland, his reign is best remembered today for his opposition to religious equality. Even so, it also recognized the "right of the divine" and biblical values, and its overthrow ended a century of civil and political conflict by reaffirming Parliament's supremacy over the Monarchy.
Learn more about Mary II: brainly.com/question/1882901
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The complete question is:
Match the descriptions to the rulers of England in the seventeenth century
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
James II
Mary II
ascended the English throne as a joint monarch after accepting the Bill of Rights
appointed Catholics as government officials and recruited them in the army conquered Ireland and established the Commonwealth
lost a long, Civil War against forces loyal to Parliament
was crowned king after a period of commonwealth rule in England
