The United States Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr (1962) held federal courts could review claims that a state's redistricting of electoral lines violates the Equal 14th Amendment Amendment to the Constitution.
About Equal Protection Clause
The United States Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment's first section contains the Equal Protection Clause. The article states that "neither shall any state deny to any individual within its authority the equal protection of laws." It came into force in 1868. It demands that the law treat people equally who are in similar circumstances. Civil Rights Act of 1866's equality provisions were a major driving force behind the inclusion of this paragraph.
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A state is a polity under a system of governance with a monopoly on force. There is no undisputed definition of a state.[1][2] A widely used definition from the German sociologist Max Weber is that a "state" is a polity that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, although other definitions are not uncommon.[3][4] A state is not synonymous with a government, as stateless governments like the Iroquois Confederacy exist.[5]
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when there is reported criminal activity and in order to convict the accused, evidence is now needed to prove the accused guilty without a reasonable doubt.
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The system of checks and balances is an important part of the Constitution. With checks and balances, each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others. This way, no one branch becomes too powerful
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