Answer:
$19,708,745
Explanation:
We first have to calculate the present value of the bonds:
Nper = 20 (10 years x 2 payments per year)
R = 11% / 2 = 5.5%
Payment = 83 / 2 = 41.50
Future value = 1,000
PV = ?
To calculate the present value we can use an excel spreadsheet and the present value function =PV(5.5%,20,41.5,1000) = $838.67
Now we calculate how many bonds were issued = $23,500,000 / $1,000 = 23,500 bonds.
To determine the market value of the debt outstanding we multiply the present value of the bonds times the total number of bonds outstanding
= $838.67 x 23,500 = $19,708,745
Trade credit
Small firms may be able to get finance in the form of trade credit from their suppliers. Suppliers enable the company to obtain the products and services it requires and pay for them later or in installments.
<h3>What is the meaning of trade credit?</h3>
A business-to-business (B2B) agreement known as trade credit allows customers to make purchases of goods without paying in cash upfront and to make payments to suppliers at a later date. Businesses that use trade credits typically give customers 30, 60, or 90 days to make payment, with the transaction being documented by an invoice.
Trade credit can be compared to a form of 0% financing because it increases an organization's assets while deferring payment for a certain amount of products or services to the future and requires no interest payments throughout the repayment period.
Learn more about trade credit here:
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Answer:
a. The price that the company should sell the new toy at if it prices at cost plus profit at 100% profit markup is:
= $20.
b. The price that the company should sell the new toy at if it prices using competitive pricing is:
= $22.50 (average of competitors' prices)
c. The price that the company should sell the new toy at if it prices using penetration pricing is:
= $20 (lowest market price)
d. The price that the company should sell the new toy at if it prices using price skimming is:
= $25.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost of producing a new toy = $10
Competitors' prices are:
Product A – $25
Product B – $20
Product C – $23
Product D– $22
Total = $90
Average price = $22.50 ($90/4)
Cost = $10
Markup 10 ($10 * 100%)
Price = $20
b) An important consideration in the pricing of products is customers' and competitors' reactions to the firm's selling price. The purpose of considering customers is to ensure that enough demand is generated to cover production cost and make profits. Competitors can wage price wars to discourage new entrants into their markets. Many pricing methods are in use, depending on the prevailing market realities.
Answer:
Yes, the WTO stands for trade liberalization, which requires transparency, economic reform, and no protectionism, regardless of the member nation's economic situation.
