A type of membrane that will only allow certain particles and ions to pass through its membrane.
The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, S(univ) > 0. If ΔS(univ) < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if ΔS(univ) = 0, the system is at equilibrium
<h3>What is thermodynamics ?</h3>
The science of thermodynamics examines the connections between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The rules of thermodynamics explain how energy moves inside a system and whether or not the system is capable of performing beneficial work on its surroundings.
- Energy cannot be generated or destroyed, according to Thermodynamics' First Law. The entropy of the cosmos increases for spontaneous processes, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Third Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy is zero in a flawless crystal at absolute zero Kelvin.
Learn more about Thermodynamics here:
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Answer:
1) By 11:30pm
2) Shortly before midnight (few minutes to 12:00am)
Explanation:
Since the strain of bacteria takes 1 minute to divide (double its population), and by midnight (12:00am) the entire bottle becomes full, then:
I) Subtract Initial division time from Final division time i.e 12:00 - 11:00 = 1 hour
II) Split 1 hour into two (60minutes makes 1 hour)
I hour/2 = 30 minutes
Definitely, the bottle will be half filled by 11:30pm
2) Once half filled, the rapidly dividing cells reach for the top of the bottle as midnight approaches. By 11:50pm upwards, bottle space must have been running out
