Answer:
2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration (break down of glucose to extract energy) which occurs in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis is a pathway common to all living organisms- prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as it does not require oxygen to occur.
Glycolysis occurs in two major phases (ten steps) requiring 10 enzymes catalyzing each step; the energy-requiring phase and the energy-requiring phase.
In the energy-requiring phase, the starting molecule (glucose) gets rearranged in a series of chemical reactions, and two phosphate groups gets attached to it producing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate which is unstable, This modified sugar then splits in half due to its instability to form two different but inter-convertible phosphate-bearing three-carbon sugars (Dihydroxyacetonephosphate, DHAP and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P). Because the phosphates used in these steps come from 2 ATP molecules, 2 ATP molecules get used up in this phase
All the DHAP molecules get converted to G-3-P in order to enter the next phase.
In the energy-recovering phase, the 3-carbon sugar (G3P) is converted into another three-carbon molecule called pyruvate, through a series of reactions. In these reactions, two ATP and 1 NADH molecules are made. This recovery phase occurs twice (one for each of the two isomeric three-carbon sugars, DHAP and G3P). Hence, a total of 4 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are produced in this phase.
Overall, Glycolysis converts one glucose (six-carbon) molecule to two pyruvate (three-carbon) molecules and a net release of 2 ATP molecules (4 overall - 2 used) and 2 NADH molecules.
The two ways by which we can detect that gene editing have occurred in the bacteria are;
A) WESTERN BLOT; Here,the gene that is edited will not be able to synthesize the protein.With this,if we do western against the already edited protein,no band will eventually appear in the western blot,and this indicates/confers that the gene have been edited.
B) PCR FOLLOWED BY SEQUENCING; IN PCR,there is amplification of the region with the use of flanking end primers that is edited.
However,mean primers will actually be used in a way that one primer is upstream to site of editing and the other primer to the downstream.
From this stage,the PCR product that is amplified will be sent for sequencing,and this sequency result will further confirm if the gene has been edited or not edited.
Restriction enzyme can also be used if the place where the gene has been edited is known.
If actually the gene has been edited,the nucleotide sequence will get changed.Having to choose such enzyme that cut only one's wide type wild type DNA but not actually gene that is edited,the result will further be compared inorder to confirm whether the gene has been edited or not.
Urban areas are crowded places with many apartments, offices, restaurants, parking lots and shopping centers. Comparing the amount of dirt, wastages and pollutants that are released into streams and lakes by each of these sources, we can conclude that the construction of a shopping mall or parking lot contributes a lot to the addition of the wastage into the streams and lakes
A shopping mall and parking lot in itself occupies a lot of space hindering the air balance and also increasing the traffic in the area and the adjacent areas leading to this area. On the other hand , this construction accommodates hundreds of shops that discards bulks of packaging materials in the form of plastic covers, fabric, card boards and other wastages which will have to be dumped every day.
Apart from this, urban areas have major part of the land covered with roofs and roads thus making all the rain water flow into the sewer and drainages washing out chemical wastes, pet wastes and other garbages into the streams and lakes.
Answer:
Homeostasis, reproduction, and metabolism
Explanation:
There’s a bunch more, but those are three. And homeostasis is like keeping the temperature of your body the same and metabolism is the process of your body using food and turning it into energy ig
