Answer: that the bacteria are more sensitive to the antibiotic in the disk.
Explanation:
Figure: Kirby-Bauer test: In Kirby–Bauer testing, discs containing antibiotics are placed on agar where bacteria are growing, and the antibiotics diffuse out into the agar.
Answer:
A neuromuscular junction is a junction between a <em>nerve fiber</em> and a <em>muscle cell.</em>
Explanation:
<em>A neuromuscular junction (or myoneural junction) is a site of chemical communication between a nerve fiber and a muscle cell, is analogous to the synapse between two neurons. </em>
A motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction upon stimulation by a nerve impulse, the terminal releases the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles binding to the receptors, the channels open, and sodium ions flow into the endplate, this initiates the end-plate potential, the electrical event that leads to contraction of the muscle fiber.
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Answer:
C. The basic effect of the cholera toxin is signal amplification.
Explanation:
Cholera toxin can cause its symptoms by amplifying the signals responsible for intestinal electrolyte transport through the following process:
The toxin binds to a membrane ganglioside (a phospholipid with carbohydrate residues) in the secretory cells in the small intestine. After that, a toxin subunit penetrates the cell, causing permanent activation of a G protein.
G protein activates adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cAMP (A type of secondary messenger, important in signal transduction in cells), responsible for activating protein kinases.
Proteins undergo phosphorylation, this process amplifies chloride ions (Cl⁻) secretion.
The flow of negatively charged chloride ions out of the cell causes positively charged sodium ions to follow them in the flow.
Then water follows the electrolytes to the lumen of the small intestine by osmosis, resulting in severe diarrhea.
Answer:
I believe it is E. All of the above
Explanation: