The body's first line of defence against shifts in pH is its acid-base buffer systems.
What is acid-base buffer system?
- The proper balance between the acids and bases in the body's extracellular fluid is crucial for the normal physiology of the body and for cellular metabolism.
- The first lines of defence are immediate, consisting of the various chemical buffers which minimize pH changes that would otherwise occur in their absence.
- The pH of the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid need to be maintained at a constant level.
- Proteins are denatured i.e. their 3D structure is disrupted, causing enzymes and ion channels to malfunction.
- An acid–base imbalance is known as acidaemia when the pH is acidic and alkalaemia when the pH is alkaline.
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