I believe it's upper and lower
The characteristics of bureaucracy that help prevent nepotism (the favoriting of friends or relatives, especially in the allocation of jobs) is; Formal Selection Process.
Definition;
Bureaucracies is characteristized by four key points: <em>a clear hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures.</em>
Characteristics include;
- Hierarchical management structure
Ultimately, the characteristics of bureaucracy that help prevent nepotism (the favoriting of friends or relatives, especially in the allocation of jobs) is; Formal Selection Process.
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Jet stream and cold front of course
'Earls and barons are not to be fined except by their peers, and only in accordance with the nature of the offence'.
Clause 22: Nullus clericus amercietur de laico tenemento suo, nisi secundum modum aliorum praedictorum, et non secundum quantitatem beneficii sui ecclesiastici.
'No clergyman is to be fined on his lay tenement, except in accordance with the nature of his offence, in the way of others mentioned in previously, and not in accordance with the size of his ecclesiastical benefice'.